Windburn occurs when the cold wind removes the top layer of oil from the skin causing excessive dryness, redness, soreness and/or itchiness. Windburn can be treated with protective skin care products and lip balm. Do not rub or scratch the skin.
Frostbite occurs during cold weather when blood flow is severely restricted resulting in poor circulation to the extremities causing numbness, white/greyish skin and/or skin that feels unusually firm or waxy. Frostbite can be treated by warming the body with blankets or body heat, or immersing the body in cool water and slowly increasing the water heat. Do not rub or massage the skin.
Hypothermia occurs when the body temperature drops. There are three stages of hypothermia:
- Stage 1: shivering and numbness, quick shallow breathing, tiredness and possible nausea.
- Stage 2: strong shivering, muscles uncoordinated and movements are slow and laboured. Mild confusion, paleness and blue skin in extremities possible.
- Stage 3: no shivering, trouble thinking, talking and walking, irrational behaviour. Heart may beat fast, but breathing slow. Risk of dying.
Severe cases of hypothermia (stage 2 and 3) require immediate medical attention. Call 911. For stage 1 and while waiting for help: keep warm and dry, keep muscles moving, drink warm sweet liquids, and allow shivering.
- Wear appropriate clothing when outside including warm socks, gloves, hat and scarf;
- Dress in layers with a wind resistant outer layer;
- Wear sunglasses, lip balm and sunscreen (face mask and goggles if windburn is a concern);
- Keep moving (especially hands and feet) to keep blood flowing and maintain body heat;
- Be up to date on the weather conditions, wind chill alerts and extreme weather warnings;
- Winterize your home by checking your heating system and sealing all cracks and drafts;
- Avoid alcohol before going out in the cold;
- Know your health risks.
Click here for more information on dealing with extreme cold weather.
